Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 66
Filter
1.
Fisioter. Pesqui. (Online) ; 26(1): 3-8, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002020

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever características de sucesso e insucesso do uso da ventilação não invasiva (VNI) na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) de um hospital universitário. Trata-se de um estudo observacional prospectivo no qual foram incluídos 75 pacientes, com idade média de 58,3±18,8 anos. Desses, doze necessitaram do uso da VNI por mais de uma vez, totalizando 92 utilizações. Evidenciou-se que, delas, a taxa de sucesso foi de 60,9% (56). O grupo insucesso apresentou mais indivíduos do sexo masculino (p=0,006) e número maior de pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção extrapulmonar (p=0,012). Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos de sucesso e insucesso nos quesitos de modo, modelo, máscara, tempo total de permanência e razões para a instalação da VNI. No grupo insucesso, a pressão positiva inspiratória nas vias aéreas (Ipap) e o volume corrente (VC) foram superiores (p=0,029 e p=0,011, respectivamente). A saturação periférica de oxigênio (p=0,047), o pH (p=0,004), base excess (p=0,006) e o bicarbonato (p=0,013) apresentaram valores inferiores. Concluiu-se que os indivíduos do sexo masculino com diagnóstico de infecção extrapulmonar e que evoluíram com acidose metabólica evoluíram com mais insucesso na utilização da VNI. Esses, necessitaram de parâmetros elevados de Ipap e VC.


RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar las características del éxito y del fracaso con el uso de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en la unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) de un hospital universitario. Se trata de un estudio observacional prospectivo en el cual fueron incluidos 75 pacientes, con edad media de 58,3±18,8 años. De estos, 12 necesitaron utilizar la VNI por más de una vez, que totalizó 92 utilizaciones. Se evidenció que, de estas, el índice de éxito fue del 60,9% (56). El grupo que no obtuvo el éxito esperado presentó más individuos del sexo masculino (p=0,006) y número mayor de pacientes con diagnóstico de infecciones extrapulmonares (p=0,012). No fueron encontradas diferencias entre los grupos con éxito y sin éxito en las cuestiones de modo, modelo, máscara, tiempo total de permanencia y razones para la instalación de la VNI. En el grupo sin éxito, la presión positiva inspiratoria en las vías aéreas (Ipap) y el volumen corriente (VC) fueron superiores (p=0,029 y p=0,011, respectivamente). La saturación periférica de oxígeno (p=0,047), el pH(p=0,004), base excess (p=0,0006) y el bicarbonato (p=0,013) presentaron valores inferiores. De este modo, se concluye que los individuos del sexo masculino con diagnóstico de infecciones extrapulmonares y que progresaron con acidose metabólica avanzaron más sin tener éxito en la utilización de la VNI. Además, necesitaron de parámetros elevados de Ipap y VC.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the aspects of success and failure of the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. This is a prospective observational study that included 75 patients, with 58.3±18.8 years as the mean age. Of these, 12 required the use of NIV more than once, for 92 uses in total. Among these, the success rate was 60.9% (56). The failure group had more males (p=0.006) and a higher number of patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary infection (p=0.012). No differences were found between success and failure groups for the variables mode, model, mask, total length of stay and reasons for NIV installation. In the failure group, inspiratory positive airways pressure (Ipap) and flow volume (FV) were higher (p=0.029 and p=0.011, respectively). Peripheral oxygen saturation (p=0.047), pH (p=0.004), base excess (p=0.006) and bicarbonate (p=0.013) presented lower values. This study concluded that male individuals diagnosed with extrapulmonary infection and whose picture evolved with metabolic acidosis evolved with more failure in NIV use. These patients required higher Ipap and FV parameters.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Noninvasive Ventilation , Intensive Care Units , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Prospective Studies , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Critical Care Outcomes , Hospitals, University
2.
Rev chil anest ; 48(5): 470-474, 2019. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1509994

ABSTRACT

Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a rare clinical entity which sometimes complicates the perioperative period. Even though one of the main causes is the acute obstruction of the airway, which may occur during a laryngospasm event, its etiology is varied and must be known for an adequate clinical management. We report the case of an 18 year old patient who developed postoperative acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, probably of mixed etiology.


El edema agudo de pulmón (EAP) no cardiogénico es una entidad poco habitual que complica en ocasiones el período perioperatorio. Aunque una de las principales causas es la obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea que puede ocurrir durante un episodio de laringoespasmo, su etiología es variada y debe ser conocida para un adecuado manejo clínico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 18 años que desarrolló un EAP no cardiogénico postoperatorio, de etiología probablemente mixta.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Postoperative Complications , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Appendectomy/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Radiography, Thoracic , Anesthetics/administration & dosage
3.
Rev. medica electron ; 40(6): 2140-2155, nov.-dic. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-978723

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El edema pulmonar por presión negativa es una complicación rara y dramática en la anestesia general. Habitualmente ocurre como consecuencia de un laringoespasmo u otra causa de obstrucción de la vía aérea. Se presentó un caso con el objetivo de mostrar los elementos usados para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del edema pulmonar por presión negativa. Paciente de 7 años de edad, femenina, ASA I, operada de metatarso varo funcional con anestesia general balanceada y máscara laríngea clásica # 3. Desarrolló dicho evento adverso durante la recuperación anestésica. El diagnóstico se basó en la disociación toraco abdominal al restablecer la ventilación espontanea, crepitantes en ambos hemitórax, cianosis central, hipoxemia y la presencia de infiltrado difuso bilateral alveolar. Se intubó la tráquea, se controló la ventilación con presión positiva al final de la espiración y se administró furosemida. La paciente fue trasladada a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos donde evolucionó satisfactoriamente. Este es un síndrome cuya verdadera incidencia se desconoce debido a la escasa familiarización con el mismo. La evolución de los pacientes es favorable siempre que se establezca el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno (AU).


ABSTRACT Pulmonary edema due to negative pressure is a rare and dramatic complication in general anesthetic. It usually occurs as a consequence of a laryngeal spasm or another cause of respiratory tract obstruction.A case was presented with the aim of showing the elements used for the diagnosis and treatment of the pulmonary edema due to negative pressure. An ASA I, 7-year-old female patient, was operated on a functional metatarsus varus with balanced general anesthetic and classical laryngeal mask number 3. She developed this adverse event during the anesthetic recovery. The diagnosis was based on the thoracoabdominal dissociation when recovering spontaneous ventilation, crepitation in hemithoraxes, central cyanosis, hypoxemia, and alveolar bilateral diffused infiltrate. The trachea was intubated, ventilation was controlled with positive pressure at the end of the expiration and furosemide was administered. The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit where she evolved satisfactorily. This is a syndrome whose true incidence is unknown as a result of the lack of familiarization with it. Patients' evolution is favorable whenever the right diagnosis and treatment are timely established (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Ventilators, Negative-Pressure/adverse effects , Laryngeal Masks/adverse effects , Metatarsus Varus/surgery , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/prevention & control , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/epidemiology , Laryngismus/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Intensive Care Units
4.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(11): 1343-1346, nov. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-985708

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary expansion edema is a rare complication of the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. We report a 20 year old male admitted with a right primary spontaneous pneumothorax. A chest tube connected to a water seal was placed, achieving lung expansion. Immediately, the patient presented hypotension and a reduction in arterial oxygen saturation to 78%. Non-invasive ventilation was started. A chest X ray showed extensive right lung edema. The patient was managed with noradrenaline and albumin infusion with good response. Pulmonary edema resolved on day 3 but air leak was persistant so, the patient required surgery to excise apical bullae in the right lung. He was discharged during the following days in good condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Pneumothorax/complications , Pneumothorax/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Drainage/adverse effects , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Thoracic , Chest Tubes/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 30(1): 112-115, jan.-mar. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899552

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Entre as principais causas de morte em nosso meio, situam-se acidentes automobilísticos, afogamento e queimaduras acidentais. O estrangulamento é uma injúria potencialmente fatal, além de importante causa de homicídio e suicídio em adultos e adolescentes. Em crianças, sua ocorrência é usualmente acidental. No entanto, nos últimos anos, vários casos de estrangulamento acidental em crianças ao redor do mundo têm sido reportados. Paciente masculino de 2 anos de idade foi vítima de estrangulamento em vidro do carro. Admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica com Escala de Coma de Glasgow de 8, piora progressiva da disfunção respiratória e torpor. Paciente apresentou quadro de Síndrome da Angústia Respiratória Aguda, edema agudo de pulmão e choque. Foi manejado com ventilação mecânica protetora, drogas vosoativas e antibioticoterapia. Recebeu alta da unidade de terapia intensiva sem sequelas neurológicas ou pulmonares. Após 12 dias de internação, teve hospitalar alta para casa em ótimo estado. A incidência de estrangulamento por vidro de automóvel é rara, mas de alta morbimortalidade, devido ao mecanismo de asfixia ocasionado. Felizmente, os automóveis mais modernos dispõem de dispositivos que interrompem o fechamento automático dos vidros se for encontrada alguma resistência. No entanto, visto a gravidade das complicações de pacientes vítimas de estrangulamento, é significativamente relevante o manejo intensivo neuroventilatório e hemodinâmico das patologias envolvidas, para redução da morbimortalidade, assim como é necessário implementar novas campanhas para educação dos pais e cuidadores das crianças, visando evitar acidentes facilmente preveníveis e otimizar os mecanismos de segurança nos automóveis com vidros elétricos.


ABSTRACT Among the main causes of death in our country are car accidents, drowning and accidental burns. Strangulation is a potentially fatal injury and an important cause of homicide and suicide among adults and adolescents. In children, its occurrence is usually accidental. However, in recent years, several cases of accidental strangulation in children around the world have been reported. A 2-year-old male patient was strangled in a car window. The patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 and presented with progressive worsening of respiratory dysfunction and torpor. The patient also presented acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute pulmonary edema and shock. He was managed with protective mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and antibiotic therapy. He was discharged from the intensive care unit without neurological or pulmonary sequelae. After 12 days of hospitalization, he was discharged from the hospital, and his state was very good. The incidence of automobile window strangulation is rare but of high morbidity and mortality due to the resulting choking mechanism. Fortunately, newer cars have devices that stop the automatic closing of the windows if resistance is encountered. However, considering the severity of complications strangulated patients experience, the intensive neuro-ventilatory and hemodynamic management of the pathologies involved is important to reduce morbidity and mortality, as is the need to implement new campaigns for the education of parents and caregivers of children, aiming to avoid easily preventable accidents and to optimize safety mechanisms in cars with electric windows.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Asphyxia/etiology , Automobiles , Accidents , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Asphyxia/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy , Shock/etiology , Shock/therapy , Glasgow Coma Scale , Treatment Outcome , Intensive Care Units
7.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 66(2): 200-203, Mar.-Apr. 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777400

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary edema is caused by the accumulation of fluid within the air spaces and the interstitium of the lung. Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a clinical syndrome characterized by the acute onset of pulmonary edema following a significant central nervous system insult. It may be a less-recognized consequence of raised intracranial pressure due to obstructive hydrocephalus by blocked ventricular shunts. It usually appears within minutes to hours after the injury and has a high mortality rate if not recognized and treated appropriately. CASE REPORT: We report a patient with acute obstructive hydrocephalus due to ventriculo-atrial shunt dysfunction, proposed to urgent surgery for placement of external ventricular drainage, who presented with neurogenic pulmonary edema preoperatively. She was anesthetized and supportive treatment was instituted. At the end of the procedure the patient showed no clinical signs of respiratory distress, as prompt reduction in intracranial pressure facilitated the regression of the pulmonary edema. CONCLUSIONS: This report addresses the importance of recognition of neurogenic pulmonary edema as a possible perioperative complication resulting from an increase in intracranial pressure. If not recognized and treated appropriately, neurogenic pulmonary edema can lead to acute cardiopulmonary failure with global hypoperfusion and hypoxia. Therefore, awareness of and knowledge about the occurrence, clinical presentation and treatment are essential.


RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: o edema pulmonar é causado pelo acúmulo de líquido nos alvéolos e no interstício pulmonar. Edema pulmonar neurogênico é uma síndrome clínica caracterizada por edema pulmonar de início agudo após um acometimento súbito do sistema nervoso central. Pode ser uma consequência menos reconhecida de pressão intracraniana aumentada por causa da hidrocefalia obstrutiva por derivações ventriculares bloqueadas. Geralmente aparece em minutos ou horas após o insulto e tem uma alta taxa de mortalidade, caso não seja identificado e tratado adequadamente. RELATO DE CASO: relatamos o caso de paciente com hidrocefalia obstrutiva aguda por causa da disfunção da derivação ventrículo-atrial, programado para cirurgia em caráter de urgência para a colocação de derivação ventricular externa, que apresentou edema pulmonar neurogênico no pré-operatório. A paciente foi anestesiada e o tratamento de manutenção instituído. No fim do procedimento, a paciente não apresentou quaisquer sinais de distúrbio respiratório, pois a redução rápida da pressão intracraniana facilitou a regressão do edema pulmonar. CONCLUSÕES: este relato aborda a importância da identificação de um edema pulmonar neurogênico como uma possível complicação no período perioperatório resultante de um aumento da pressão intracraniana. Quando não identificado e tratado adequadamente, o edema pulmonar neurogênico pode levar à insuficiência cardiorrespiratória aguda, com hipoperfusão global e hipóxia. Portanto, a conscientização e o conhecimento de sua ocorrência, apresentação clínica e seu tratamento são essenciais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts/adverse effects , Intracranial Hypertension/complications , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/pathology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Acute Disease , Intracranial Hypertension/therapy , Hydrocephalus/pathology
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 26(1): 39-45, jan.-mar.2016.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-789775

ABSTRACT

A congestão pulmonar aguda no paciente com doença cardíaca é uma manifestação clínica de extrema gravidade, ocorrendo em aproximadamente 25% dos casosde insuficiência cardíaca aguda. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, baseado na anamnese e exame físico. Os exames complementares não devem retardar o início do tratamento na sala de emergência. Descontrole pressórico, progressão da doença valvar, infarto do miocárdio e arritmias são fatores desencadeantes frequentes paraedema agudo de pulmão. O tratamento inicial fundamenta-se na suplementação de oxigênio e suporte ventilatório, administração de opioides, diuréticos e vasodilatadores endovenosos. Inotrópicos estão indicados na presença de instabilidade hemodinâmicacom disfunção orgânica...


Acute pulmonary congestion in patients with cardiac disease is a clinical manifestation of extreme severity, occurring in approximately 25% of cases of acute heart failure. Diagnosis is essentially clinical, based on history and physical examination. Complementarytests should not delay the start of treatment in the emergency room. Uncontrolled blood pressure, progression of valvular disease, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias are common triggers for acute pulmonary edema. Initial treatment is based on supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support, administration of opioids, intravenous diuretics, andvasodilators. Inotropic agents are indicated in the presence of hemodynamic instability with organ dysfunction...


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Edema/complications , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/therapy , Heart Atria , Cardiotonic Agents , Dyspnea/complications , Diuretics/administration & dosage , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Risk Factors , Morphine/administration & dosage , Ultrafiltration/methods , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage
9.
Rev. Soc. Peru. Med. Interna ; 28(3): 132-135, jul.-sept.2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-786556

ABSTRACT

El edema pulmonar de altura (EPA) es una forma de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico en individuos que ascienden a la altura 0 descienden de ella. Para su diagnóstico se utilizan los criterios de Louise y algunos estudios adicionales como la tomografía pulmonar, excluyéndose otras causas. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente extranjera que presento EPA al viajar a Cusco y se revisa la literatura...


High-altitude pulmonary edema (HA PE) is a form of non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema in individuals who ascend to or descend from high-altitudes. For its diagnosis, Louise criteria are used and some auxiliary tests like pulmonary CT, excluding other causes. We present the case of a foreign teenager who presented HAPE travelling to Cusco and make a review of the literature...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Pulmonary Edema , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/therapy
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-145716

ABSTRACT

A patient with electrocardiographic abnormalities simulating early myocardial infarction after scorpion sting is reported. Pulmonary oedema and congestive heart failure accompanied these electrocardiographic changes. The aetiology of the cardiovascular manifestations in severe scorpion sting is related to the venom effects on the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal secretion of catecholamines, as well as to the toxic effects of the venom on the myocardium.


Subject(s)
Adult , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Myocardium/pathology , Myocardium/diagnostic imaging , Myocardium/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Scorpion Stings/complications , Scorpion Venoms/adverse effects , Scorpion Venoms/poisoning , Scorpion Venoms/toxicity
11.
Acta toxicol. argent ; 20(1): 25-33, jul. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-657457

ABSTRACT

La intoxicación por salicilatos frecuentemente no es tenida en cuenta como causa de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico y de alteración del sensorio en pacientes adultos. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 52 años de edad, la cual presentó dos episodios de edema pulmonar no cardiogénico habiendo requerido para su manejo, asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. La presentación clínica de la intoxicación fue reconocida al ingreso al servicio de urgencias y llevó al diagnóstico correcto. Se le realizó hemodiálisis y alcalinización urinaria llevando a una rápida resolución del edema pulmonar. Varios aspectos de la presentación clínica sugirieron que la paciente tenía una intoxicación crónica, una condición que a menudo no es diagnosticada oportunamente, lo que contribuye al aumento de la morbi-mortalidad en estos pacientes. Frente a un caso de edema pulmonar agudo no cardiogénico debe considerarse la posibilidad de intoxicación con salicilatos, porque la institución rápida de una terapia apropiada, incluyendo la hemodiálisis, una vez establecido el diagnóstico, es un factor determinante de los resultados en esta grave intoxicación.


Salicylate intoxication is frequently overlooked as a cause of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and altered mental status in adult patients. We described the case of a 52 years-old woman who presented two episodes of recurrent non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema requiring intubation. On admission, recognition of the clinical syndrome in the emergency department led to the correct diagnosis of salicylate intoxication. The patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis and urinary alkalinization, leading to rapid resolution of pulmonary edema and extubation. Several aspects of the clinical presentation suggest that the patient suffered from chronic salicylism, a condition often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in the course of disease, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality in these patients. This poisoning should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema not cardiogenic and altered sensorium because rapid institution of appropriate therapy, including hemodialysis, once the diagnosis is established is an important determinant of outcome in this serious disorder.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aspirin/poisoning , Toxicity Tests, Chronic , Pulmonary Edema/chemically induced , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/drug therapy
12.
SJA-Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2011; 5 (3): 308-313
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129929

ABSTRACT

Negative pressure pulmonary edema [NPPE] is a dangerous and potentially fatal condition with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Frequently, NPPE is a manifestation of upper airway obstruction, the large negative intrathoracic pressure generated by forced inspiration against an obstructed airway is thought to be the principal mechanism involved. This negative pressure leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular volume and pulmonary capillary transmural pressure, creating a risk of disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane. The early detection of the signs of this syndrome is vital to the treatment and to patient outcome. The purpose of this review is to highlight the available literature on NPPE, while probing the pathophysiological mechanisms relevant in both the development of this condition and that involved in its resolution


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Airway Obstruction/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Pressure , Mediastinum
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-138626

ABSTRACT

A case of unilateral re-expansion pulmonary oedema in a chronic pneumothorax is presented. The patient had a longstanding left-sided pneumothorax. Intercostal drainage tube was inserted following which the patient developed severe hypotension and respiratory failure. Chest radiograph (postero-anterior view) showed partial lung expansion with unilateral pulmonary oedema. The patient responded to the standard management of pulmonary oedema and the lung was fully re-expanded.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Chronic Disease , Humans , Male , Pneumothorax/complications , Pneumothorax/diagnostic imaging , Pneumothorax/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Edema/therapy
14.
Fisioter. Bras ; 10(2): 125-130, mar.-abr. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546613

ABSTRACT

Em pacientes com edema agudo de pulmão, a redução na complacência pulmonar correlaciona-se à congestão pulmonar. Clinicamente importante é o fato de que o desconforto respiratório não está diretamente relacionado à hipoxemia e não pode ser revertido apenas com administração de O2. A terapia médica usual inclui diuréticos, vasodilatadores e inotrópicos. Embora muitos pacientes respondam rapidamente ao tratamento de rotina, um número significante progride para insuficiência respiratória severa, com intubação endotraqueal e suas complicações associadas. O uso de pressão positiva não-invasiva por máscara reduz a necessidade de intubação endotraqueal. A análise da literatura atual comprova que a ventilação não-invasiva é segura e efetiva em reduzir a necessidade de intubação endotraqueal em pacientes com desconforto respiratório de origem cardíaca. Os resultados reforçam o conceito que a pressão positiva não-invasiva deve ser considerada uma forma não farmacológica de tratamento do edema agudo de pulmão cardiogênico e não simplesmente uma medida de suporte.


In patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, the reduction in lung compliance correlates with pulmonary congestion. Of clinical relevance is the fact that respiratory distress is not related directly to hypoxemia and cannot be reversed with O2 administration alone. Standard medical therapy includes diuretics, vasodilators and inotropics. Although many patients respond rapidly to standard treatment, a significant number progress to severe respiratory distress leading to endotracheal intubation with its associated complications. Noninvasive use of positive pressure delivered through a mask reduces the need for endotracheal intubation. The analysis of the current literature shows that noninvasive ventilation is safe and is effective in preventing the need for endotracheal intubation in patients with respiratory distress of cardiac origin. The results support the concept that noninvasive positive pressure ventilation must be seen as a non pharmacological form of treatment of acute pulmonary edema, rather than only as a supportive measure.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Edema/classification , Pulmonary Edema/complications , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Edema/classification , Edema/complications , Edema/therapy , Lung Diseases
15.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 25(1): 25-28, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-520478

ABSTRACT

The acute neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) is a kind of pulmonary edema that occurs as a result of a variety of injuries of the central nervous system. Usually it is underdiagnosed. It has been reported in many diseases and direct injuries of the central nervous system. We present the clinical case of a middle age women with a neurogenic pulmonary edema secondary to a epileptic seizure. We made a review of the literature with special emphasis on clinical implications and treatment.


El edema pulmonar agudo neurogénico (EPN) es un tipo de edema pulmonar que ocurre como consecuencia de una variada gama de lesiones del sistema nervioso central. Generalmente es subdiagnosticado. Se ha reportado en múltiples patologías y lesiones directas del sistema nervioso central. Presentamos el caso clínico de una mujer de mediana edad, con edema pulmonar agudo secundario a una crisis convulsiva epiléptica. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura con especial énfasis en las implicancias clínicas y tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Central Nervous System Diseases/complications
16.
J. bras. pneumol ; 34(6): 420-424, jun. 2008. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-485903

ABSTRACT

O edema pulmonar por pressão negativa associado à hemorragia como manifestação de obstrução das vias aéreas superiores é um problema incomum com potencial risco de morte. O principal mecanismo fisiopatológico envolvido é a geração de uma acentuada pressão negativa intratorácica que eleva tanto o volume vascular como a pressão transmural capilar pulmonar, causando risco de ruptura da membrana alvéolo-capilar. Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino com hemorragia alveolar difusa após obstrução aguda das vias aéreas superiores causada pela formação de um abscesso cervical e mediastinal decorrente do implante de uma órtese traqueal metálica. O paciente foi tratado com drenagem do abscesso, antibioticoterapia e ventilação mecânica com pressão positiva. Este artigo enfatiza a importância de incluir essa entidade no diagnóstico diferencial da lesão pulmonar aguda após procedimentos que envolvam a manipulação das vias aéreas superiores.


Negative-pressure pulmonary edema accompanied by hemorrhage as a manifestation of upper airway obstruction is an uncommon problem that is potentially life-threatening. The principal pathophysiological mechanism involved is the generation of markedly negative intrathoracic pressure, which leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular volume and pulmonary capillary transmural pressure, creating a risk of disruption of the alveolar-capillary membrane. We report the case of an adult male with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following acute upper airway obstruction caused by the formation of a cervical and mediastinal abscess resulting from the insertion of a metallic tracheal stent. The patient was treated through drainage of the abscess, antibiotic therapy, and positive pressure mechanical ventilation. This article emphasizes the importance of including this entity in the differential diagnosis of acute lung injury after procedures involving upper airway instrumentation.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Abscess/complications , Airway Obstruction/complications , Hemorrhage/etiology , Lung Diseases/etiology , Pulmonary Edema/etiology , Hemorrhage/therapy , Lung Diseases/therapy , Mediastinum , Neck , Pressure , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Stents/adverse effects , Tracheal Stenosis/surgery
17.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 23(1): 129-131, jan.-mar. 2008. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489715

ABSTRACT

A sífilis é uma doença infecciosa que se desenvolve em estágios e pode acometer o sistema cardiovascular e neurológico. Em 30 por cento dos pacientes não tratados, a sífilis desenvolve sua forma terciária. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 46 anos, admitido por edema pulmonar agudo por cardiopatia isquêmica com bloqueio completo do ramo esquerdo, submetido a terapia fibrinolítica com sucesso. Angiografia coronária mostrou lesão ostial de 90 por cento na artéria coronária esquerda e oclusão do óstio da artéria coronária direita. Os títulos de VDRL foram de 1/128. O paciente foi submetido a revascularização do miocárdio e recebeu alta após tratamento antibiótico com penicilina cristalina.


Syphilis is an infectious disease occurring through a series of frequently overlapping stages. It can impair the cardiovascular and neurological system. In 30 percent of the non treated patients, syphilis develops your tertiary form. We report a case of a 46-year-old male patient admitted due to edema pulmonary and acute coronary syndrome with left bundle branch block, submitted to fibrinolytic therapy successfully. Coronary angiography showed a 90 percent ostial lesion of left main coronary artery and occlusion of the right coronary artery ostium. VDRL was titrated to 1/128. The patient was undergone to CABG and was discharged after treatment with crystalline penicillin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Syphilis, Cardiovascular/diagnosis , Bundle-Branch Block/therapy , Coronary Artery Disease/therapy , Pulmonary Edema/therapy , Syphilis, Cardiovascular/therapy
20.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 18(2): 128-132, abr. 2007. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-473240

ABSTRACT

La popularidad que ha ganado la ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI) en las últimas década se basa fundamentalmente en su éxito demostrado en la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a patologías como la exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) (1) y el edema pulmonar agudo (EPA) cardiogénico(2). En la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) hipoxémica por otras causas, como neumonía o distrés respiratorio agudo, el rol de la VMNI es más difícil de definir. La diferencia fundamental es que este grupo reúne etiologías de naturaleza heterogénea, de más lenta recuperación y mayor riesgo de fracaso del soporte no invasivo (3). Sin embargo, en pacientes seleccionados con IRA hipoxémica, la institución precoz de VMNI puede revertir el episodio agudo, obviando la necesidad de intubación endotraqueal (4) y la consecuente reducción en tasas de neumonía nosocomial, lesiones de vía aérea y necesidad de sedación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiratory Insufficiency/diagnosis , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Acute Disease , Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis , Pulmonary Edema/therapy
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL